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Albert Sabin

Born August 26, 1906(1906-08-26)
Białystok, Russia
Died March 3, 1993 (aged 86)
Washington, D.C
Citizenship United States
Nationality Poland
Fields immunology
Alma mater New York University
Known for oral polio vaccine
Notable awards see article

Albert Bruce Sabin (August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was an American medical researcher best-known for having developed an oral polio vaccine.

Contents

Life

Albert Bruce Sabin was born in 1906 in Białystok, Russia (now Poland), to Jewish parents, Jacob and Tillie Saperstein, in 1921 he immigrated with his family to America. In 1930 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States and changed his name to Sabin.

Sabin received a medical degree from New York University in 1931. He trained in internal medicine, pathology and surgery at Bellevue Hospital in New York City from 1931-1933. In 1934 he conducted research at The Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine in England, then joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now Rockefeller University). During this time he developed an intense interest in research, especially in the area of infectious diseases. In 1939 he moved to Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. During World War II he was a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Medical Corps and helped develop vaccines against dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis. Maintaining his association with Children's Hospital, by 1946 he had also become the head of Pediatric Research at the University of Cincinnati.

With the menace of polio growing, Sabin and other researchers, most notably Jonas Salk in Pittsburgh and Hilary Koprowski in New York and Philadelphia, sought a vaccine to prevent or mitigate the illness. In 1955, Salk's "killed" vaccine was tested and released for use. It was effective in preventing most of the complications of polio, but did not prevent the initial, intestinal infection. Sabin's "live"-virus vaccine, developed from attenuated polio virus that he had received from Hilary Koprowski, began international testing through the World Health Organization in 1957, when large groups of children in Russia, Holland, Mexico, Chile, Sweden and Japan received it. In 1961 the United States Public Health Service endorsed his "live"-polio-virus vaccine. Prepared with cultures of attenuated polio viruses, it could be taken orally and prevented the actual contraction of the disease. It was this vaccine that effectively eliminated polio from the United States.

Honors

References

  1. ^ USPS press release.
  • Saldías G, Ernesto (December 2006). "[Centennary of Albert B. Sabin MD birthdate]". Revista chilena de infectología : órgano oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología 23 (4): 368–9. doi:/S0716-10182006000400013 (inactive 25 June 2008). PMID 17186087. 
  • Smith, Derek R; Leggat Peter A (2005). "Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin--inventor of the oral polio vaccine". The Kurume medical journal 52 (3): 111–6. doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111. PMID 16422178. 
  • Emed, A (April 2000). "[Albert B Sabin (1906-1993)]". Harefuah 138 (8): 702–3. PMID 10883218. 
  • Chanock, R M (March 1996). "Reminiscences of Albert Sabin and his successful strategy for the development of the live oral poliovirus vaccine". Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 108 (2): 117–26. PMID 8705731. 
  • Dalakas, M C (May 1995). "Opening remarks. On post-polio syndrome and in honor of Dr. Albert B. Sabin". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 753: xi-xiv. PMID 7611615. 
  • Beumer, J (1994). "[Academic eulogy of Professor Albert Bruce Sabin, foreign honorary member]". Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg. 149 (5-7): 220–4. PMID 7795544. 
  • Horaud, F (December 1993). "Albert B. Sabin and the development of oral poliovaccine". Biologicals 21 (4): 311–6. doi:10.1006/biol.1993.1089. PMID 8024745. 
  • Melnick, J L; Horaud F (December 1993). "Albert B. Sabin". Biologicals 21 (4): 297–303. PMID 8024743. 
  • "Homage to Albert Sabin". Biologicals 21 (4): 295–384. December 1993. PMID 8024742. 
  • Newsom, B (June 1993). "In memoriam: Albert B. Sabin, M.D., 1906-1993". Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975) 89 (6): 311. PMID 8320975. 
  • Grouse, L D (April 1993). "Albert Bruce Sabin". JAMA 269 (16): 2140. doi:10.1001/jama.269.16.2140. PMID 8468772. 
  • Koprowski, H (April 1993). "Albert B. Sabin (1906-1993)". Nature 362 (6420): 499. doi:10.1038/362499a0. PMID 8464487. 
  • Sabin, A B; Ramos-Alvarez M, Alvarez-Amezquita J, Pelon W, Michaels R H, Spigland I, Koch M A, Barnes J M, Rhim J S (June 1984). "Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, José Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim". JAMA 251 (22): 2988–93. PMID 6371279. 
  • Benison, S (1982). "International medical cooperation: Dr. Albert Sabin, live poliovirus vaccine and the Soviets". Bulletin of the history of medicine 56 (4): 460–83. PMID 6760938. 
  • Dixon, B (December 1977). "Medicine and the media: polio still paralyses (Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk)". British journal of hospital medicine 18 (6): 595. PMID 342023. 
  • Draffin, R W (January 1977). "Citation for Dr. Albert B. Sabin of Charleston, S.C. on presentation of Honorary Fellowship 1976". The Journal of the American College of Dentists 44 (1): 28–30. PMID 320241. 

See also

External links

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National Medal of Science laureates
 
Biological sciences
1960s
1970s
1980s
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2000s
Persondata
NAME Sabin, Albert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Physician and epidemiologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Białystok, Russia
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1993
PLACE OF DEATH Washington, D.C., USA
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